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Emperors Charlemagne and Sigismund
Maker
(artist)
1471-1528
1471-1528
Title
Emperors Charlemagne and Sigismund
Date of Production
(circa) 1507 - 1510
Medium
pen and brown ink, watercolour on laid paper, each side framed in multiple brown ink framing lines to replicate a folding diptych
Dimensions
Height: 17.8 cm
Width: 20.6 cm
Width: 20.6 cm
Accession Number
D.1978.PG.253
Mode of Acquisition
Count Antoine Seilern, bequest, 1978
Credit
The Courtauld, London (Samuel Courtauld Trust)
Copyright
Work in the public domain
Location
Not currently on display
Keywords
Label Text
This drawing was produced in preparation for a prestigious commission from the city of Nuremberg. Organised across two panels, it pairs the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, Charlemagne (around 742–814) on the left, with Sigismund of Luxemburg (1368–1437), who deposited the Imperial regalia in Nuremberg in 1424. Despite its many details, including the hinges on the central frame, this sketch captures an early idea for the project. The final paintings show significant changes. These were intended for the chamber where the regalia were kept the night before their annual ceremonial display to the people.
Provenance
possibly Willibald Imhoff the Elder (1519–1580) by 1588 [catalogue of 1588 published by J. Heller in 1827 lists no. 96 as 'Ein römischer Kaiser und Königen abgerisen', which is too vague to be certain refers to this drawing] or Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517–1586) [this latter name, through to Grünling supplied by the MET in their provenance for 1975.1.1862]; probably acquired from one of these collections as part of a large group of Dürer drawings by Emperor Rudolf II (1552–1612), Prague, in 1588 or 1589 and then by descent in the Habsburg family collections; Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen (1738–1822), Brussels, Dresden, and Vienna; probably Albertina, Vienna [Strauss 1974 identified this drawing as a work lost by the Albertina at the beginning of the 19th century, as coming from the Imhoff collection, though as stated above that identification is tenuous, and he offered no further evidence; in a letter dated 1947 Dr Kai Mülmann said 130 years prior about 100 drawings by Dürer were removed from the Albertina by its French Director, Lefebre, and sold on the art market; a 1999 article in the Washington Post by Michael Dobbs claimed these drawings were in the Albertina by the end of the 18th century, then confiscated and dispersed during the Napoleonic wars]; probably removed from the Albertina by the curator of drawings, François-Joseph Lefèbvre (1762–1835), and later sold through the dealer and collector Josef Grünling (1785–1845), Vienna; Prince Heinrich (Henryk) Lubomirski (1777-1850), after 1816 and by 1834; donated by him to the newly created Musaeum Lubomirscianum (Muzeum Ksiazat Lubomirskich or Lubomirski Museum), attached to the Ossolineum (Zaklad Narodowy imienia Ossolinskich or Ossolinski Institute), Lemberg (also Lwów or Lvov; now Lviv); nationalised, along with the collections of the Ossolineum, by the Soviet occupation forces in 1939 and made part of the V. Stefanyk Library of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Lvov; confiscated by the German occupation forces in 1941; stored in the salt mines at Altaussee; Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945 or later; restituted to Jerzy Rafal Lubomirski, Geneva (1887–1978), 26 May 1950; purchased from him by Colnaghi (London), 30 November 1954; purchased there by Count Antoine Seilern, London (1901-1978), 4 December 1954 (£8,960); Princes Gate Bequest, 1978
Exhibition History
Durer’s Journeys: Travels of a Renaissance Artist, National Gallery, London, 20/11/2021-27/02/2022
Mantegna to Matisse - Master Drawings from The Courtauld Gallery, The Courtauld Gallery, London, 14/06/2012-09/09/2012
Special Display - German drawings, The Courtauld Gallery, London, 21/06/2007-23/09/2007 ...More
Albrecht Dürer and his legacy : the graphic work of a Renaissance artist, British Museum, London, 25/11/2002-23/03/2003
Mantegna to Cezanne - Master Drawings from the Courtauld, British Museum, London, 24/02/1983-19/06/1983
The Princes Gate Collection - Drawings (Selection B), The Courtauld Gallery, London, 29/01/1982-25/07/1982 ...Less
Mantegna to Matisse - Master Drawings from The Courtauld Gallery, The Courtauld Gallery, London, 14/06/2012-09/09/2012
Special Display - German drawings, The Courtauld Gallery, London, 21/06/2007-23/09/2007 ...More
Albrecht Dürer and his legacy : the graphic work of a Renaissance artist, British Museum, London, 25/11/2002-23/03/2003
Mantegna to Cezanne - Master Drawings from the Courtauld, British Museum, London, 24/02/1983-19/06/1983
The Princes Gate Collection - Drawings (Selection B), The Courtauld Gallery, London, 29/01/1982-25/07/1982 ...Less
Literature
Evans, Mark and Elania Pieragostini, Renaissance Watercolours: from Dürer to Van Dyck, London: V&A Publishing 2020
no. 110
ill. on p. 170
Mantegna to Matisse - Master Drawings from The Courtauld Gallery, Frick Collection, New York and Courtauld Gallery, London London 2012-2013
pp. 64-67
Papa, Rodolfo, Dürer, Florence 2007
p. 30
ill. on p. 26 ...More
Sigismundus Rex et Imperator. Kunst und Kultur zur Zeit Sigismunds von Luxemburg 1387-1437, Szépművészti Múzeum, Budapest 18 March -18 June 2006 and Musée national d’histoire et d’art, Luxembourg, 13 July – 15 October 2006, 2006
p. 484
Society of the Friends of the Ossolineum, The Fate of the Lubomirski Dürers: recovering the treasures of the Ossolinski National Institute, Wrocław 2004
pp. 27, 31, under Schedule "A"
no. 5 on p. 38
Albrecht Dürer and his legacy : the graphic work of a Renaissance artist, British Museum, London, 2002-2003
cat. no. 111
ill. on p. 169
Schröder, Klaus Albrecht and Maria Luise Sternath, Albrecht Dürer, Ostfildern-Ruit 2003
p. 436
Doosry, Y., In den hellsten Farben. Aquarelle von Dürer bis Macke, Nuremburg 2003
p. 36
Saurma-Jeltsch, Lieselotte E., 'Karl der Grosse im Spätmittelalter: zum Wandel einer politischen Ikone' in 'Karl der Grosse und sein Nachleben in Geschichte, Kunst und Literatur', Aachen 2003 - pp. 421-61
p. 457
Saurma-Jeltsch, Lieselotte E., 'Karl der Grosse im Spätmittelalter: zum Wandel einer politischen Ikone' in 'Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsvereins', 2002-03 - pp. 421-61; 104-05
pp. 446-48
Fig. 9
Palmer, Norman, Museums and the Holocaust: Law, principles and practice, London 2000
p. 54
Löcher, Kurt, Kataloge des Germanischen Nationalmuseums zu Nürnberg. Die Gemälde des 16. Jahrhunderts, Nuremburg 1997
p. 206
Nürnberg 1300-1550: Kunst der Gotik und Renaissance, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremburg 25 July - 28 September 1986 and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 8 April - 22 June 1986
p. 306
Fig. 130 on p. 307
Mantegna to Cezanne: Master Drawings from the Courtauld, British Museum, London, 1983
cat. no. 2
p. 12 and pl. II
The Princes Gate Collection - Drawings (Selection B), The Courtauld Gallery, London, 1982
cat. no. 163
Strieder, Peter, Dürer, Königstein im Taunus 1981
pp. 67-71
Fig. 73
Braham, Helen, The Princes Gate Collection [all Princes Gate works, the exhibited drawings listed separately as Selection A and Selection B], London, 1981
cat. no. 163
ill. on p. 117
Christie's, London, Important Old Master Drawings, 8 - 11 December 1981
lot 95
unclear why this appeared at auction, must have been unsold
Talbot, Charles, 'Recent literature on drawings by Dürer' in 'Master Drawings', Autumn 1976 - pp. 287-99; 14, 3
p. 292
discusses the watermark
Strauss, Walter L., The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 1 1471-1499, New York 1974
p. 3282 (watermark)
Strauss, Walter L., The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3 1510-1519, New York 1974
no. 1510/5 on pp. 1212-13
ill. on p.1213
Kèry, Bertalan, Kaiser Sigismund, Munich 1972
pp. 144-45
Fig. 108
Albrecht Dürer 1471 1971, Nuremberg, 21 May - 1 August 1971
p. 139 under no. 257
Koschatzky, Walter and Alice Strobl, Die Dürer Zeichnungen der Albertina, Vienna 1971
p. 274
Anzelewsky, Fedja, Albrecht Dürer. Das Malerische Werk, Berlin 1971
pp. 48, 91, 233
Rosenthal, Earl E., 'Die "Reichskrone", die "Wiener Krone" und die "Krone Karls des Grossen" um 1520' in 'Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlung in Wien', 1971 - pp. 7-48
pp. 33-40
Fig. 24
Seilern, Count Antoine, Corrigenda and Addenda to the Catalogue of paintings and drawings at 56 Princes Gate, London, London 1971
no. 253
Hütt, Wolfgang, Albrecht Dürer 1471 bis 1528. Das gesamte graphische Werk. Handzeichnungen, Herrsching 1970
ill. on p. 570
Musper, H. Th., Dürers Kaiserbildniss, Cologne 1969
pp. 12-13, 16, 30-32
Fig. 13
Ottino della Chiesa, Angela, L'opera completa di Dürer, Milan 1968
under no. 140
ill.
Kuhrmann, Dieter, Über das Verhältnis von Verzeichnung und ausgeführtem Werk bei Albrecht Dürer, PhD dissertation, Freien Universität, Berlin 1964
pp. 73-86
Seilern, Count Antoine, Paintings and drawings of Continental Schools other than Flemish and Italian at 56 Princes Gate, London SW7, London 1961; III
no. 253
pl. LXXIX
Winkler, Friedrich, Albrecht Dürer: Leben und Werk, Berlin 1957
p. 211
Stange, Alfred, 'Zwei neu entdeckte Kaiserbilder Albrecht Dürers' in 'Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte', 1957 - pp. 1-24; 20
pp. 12-14, 18
Fig. 5 on p. 9
Panofsky, Erwin, The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer, 4th ed., Princeton 1955
pp. 132-33
Fig. 176
Musper, H. Th., Albrecht Dürer, Stuttgart 1953
pp. 258, 348
Fig. 132 on p. 191
Tietze, Hans, Dürer: Als Zeichner und Aquarellist, Vienna 1951
pp. 23, 44, 60
Fig. 40
Panofsky, E., Albrecht Dürer, London, 2nd ed. 1945
vol. I, pp. 132-33, 163, vol. II, no. 1008
Fig. 176
Panofsky, Erwin, The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer, Princeton 1943
vol. I, pp. 132-33, vol. II, no. 1008 on p. 104
Fig. 176
Winkler, Friedrich, Die Zeichnungen Albrecht Dürers, 4 vols., Berlin 1936-1939
vol. II (1937), no. 503 on pp. 151-52
Fig. 503
Lutze, Eberhard and Eberhard Wiegand, Kataloge des Germanischen Nationalmuseums zu Nürnberg. Die Gemälde des 13. bis 16. Jahrhunderts, Leipzig 1937
p. 53 under no. 168
Waetzoldt, Wilhelm, Dürer und seine Zeit, Vienna 1935
p. 261
ill.
Flechsig, Eduard, Albrecht Dürer. Sein Leben und seine kunstlerische Entwicklung, Berlin 1931
vol. II (1931), no. 766 on p. 580
Wilde, Johannes, 'Ein Zeitgenössisches Bildnis des Kaisers Sigismund.' in 'Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien', 1930; NF, IV
p. 216n7
Gebarowicz, M. and Hans Tietze, Albrecht Dürers Zeichnungen im Lubomirski-Museum im Lemberg, Vienna 1929
no. 15 on pp. 19-20
Fig. XVII
Lippmann, Friedrich, Zeichnungen von Albrecht Dürer in Nachbildungen, 7 vols., Berlin 1883-1929
vol. VII (1929), no. 785
Winkler, Friedrich, 'The Collection of Dürer Drawings at Lemberg (Galicia)' in 'Old Master Drawings', June 1927-March 1928; II
p. 17
Albrecht Dürer Ausstellung, Germanischen Museum, Nuremburg, April - September 1928, 1928
p. 66
Tietze, Hans and Erica Tietze-Conrat, Kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke Albrecht Dürers, 2 vols., Augsburg, Basel and Leipzig 1928-38
vol. II, part I (1937), no. 435 on p. 60
Winkler, Friedrich, Dürer : des Meisters Gemälde, Kupferstiche und Holzschnitte in 537 Abbildungen. Klassiker der Kunst., Stuttgart, Berlin and Leipzig 1928
p. 415 under nos. 56 and 57
Reitlinger, H.S., 'An unknown collection of Dürer drawings' in 'The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs', March 1927 - pp. 152-55, 158-59; 50, 288
no. 8298 on p. 159
Winkler, Friedrich, 'Der Lemberger Dürerfund' in 'Kunstwanderer', 1927
p. 354
ill.
Heller, J., Das Leben und die Werke Albrecht Dürer's, 1827
no. 96 (?)
described as 'Ein römischer Kaiser und König abgeriffen' - relatively vague, could be describing another work ...Less
no. 110
ill. on p. 170
Mantegna to Matisse - Master Drawings from The Courtauld Gallery, Frick Collection, New York and Courtauld Gallery, London London 2012-2013
pp. 64-67
Papa, Rodolfo, Dürer, Florence 2007
p. 30
ill. on p. 26 ...More
Sigismundus Rex et Imperator. Kunst und Kultur zur Zeit Sigismunds von Luxemburg 1387-1437, Szépművészti Múzeum, Budapest 18 March -18 June 2006 and Musée national d’histoire et d’art, Luxembourg, 13 July – 15 October 2006, 2006
p. 484
Society of the Friends of the Ossolineum, The Fate of the Lubomirski Dürers: recovering the treasures of the Ossolinski National Institute, Wrocław 2004
pp. 27, 31, under Schedule "A"
no. 5 on p. 38
Albrecht Dürer and his legacy : the graphic work of a Renaissance artist, British Museum, London, 2002-2003
cat. no. 111
ill. on p. 169
Schröder, Klaus Albrecht and Maria Luise Sternath, Albrecht Dürer, Ostfildern-Ruit 2003
p. 436
Doosry, Y., In den hellsten Farben. Aquarelle von Dürer bis Macke, Nuremburg 2003
p. 36
Saurma-Jeltsch, Lieselotte E., 'Karl der Grosse im Spätmittelalter: zum Wandel einer politischen Ikone' in 'Karl der Grosse und sein Nachleben in Geschichte, Kunst und Literatur', Aachen 2003 - pp. 421-61
p. 457
Saurma-Jeltsch, Lieselotte E., 'Karl der Grosse im Spätmittelalter: zum Wandel einer politischen Ikone' in 'Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsvereins', 2002-03 - pp. 421-61; 104-05
pp. 446-48
Fig. 9
Palmer, Norman, Museums and the Holocaust: Law, principles and practice, London 2000
p. 54
Löcher, Kurt, Kataloge des Germanischen Nationalmuseums zu Nürnberg. Die Gemälde des 16. Jahrhunderts, Nuremburg 1997
p. 206
Nürnberg 1300-1550: Kunst der Gotik und Renaissance, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremburg 25 July - 28 September 1986 and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 8 April - 22 June 1986
p. 306
Fig. 130 on p. 307
Mantegna to Cezanne: Master Drawings from the Courtauld, British Museum, London, 1983
cat. no. 2
p. 12 and pl. II
The Princes Gate Collection - Drawings (Selection B), The Courtauld Gallery, London, 1982
cat. no. 163
Strieder, Peter, Dürer, Königstein im Taunus 1981
pp. 67-71
Fig. 73
Braham, Helen, The Princes Gate Collection [all Princes Gate works, the exhibited drawings listed separately as Selection A and Selection B], London, 1981
cat. no. 163
ill. on p. 117
Christie's, London, Important Old Master Drawings, 8 - 11 December 1981
lot 95
unclear why this appeared at auction, must have been unsold
Talbot, Charles, 'Recent literature on drawings by Dürer' in 'Master Drawings', Autumn 1976 - pp. 287-99; 14, 3
p. 292
discusses the watermark
Strauss, Walter L., The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 1 1471-1499, New York 1974
p. 3282 (watermark)
Strauss, Walter L., The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Dürer. Vol. 3 1510-1519, New York 1974
no. 1510/5 on pp. 1212-13
ill. on p.1213
Kèry, Bertalan, Kaiser Sigismund, Munich 1972
pp. 144-45
Fig. 108
Albrecht Dürer 1471 1971, Nuremberg, 21 May - 1 August 1971
p. 139 under no. 257
Koschatzky, Walter and Alice Strobl, Die Dürer Zeichnungen der Albertina, Vienna 1971
p. 274
Anzelewsky, Fedja, Albrecht Dürer. Das Malerische Werk, Berlin 1971
pp. 48, 91, 233
Rosenthal, Earl E., 'Die "Reichskrone", die "Wiener Krone" und die "Krone Karls des Grossen" um 1520' in 'Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlung in Wien', 1971 - pp. 7-48
pp. 33-40
Fig. 24
Seilern, Count Antoine, Corrigenda and Addenda to the Catalogue of paintings and drawings at 56 Princes Gate, London, London 1971
no. 253
Hütt, Wolfgang, Albrecht Dürer 1471 bis 1528. Das gesamte graphische Werk. Handzeichnungen, Herrsching 1970
ill. on p. 570
Musper, H. Th., Dürers Kaiserbildniss, Cologne 1969
pp. 12-13, 16, 30-32
Fig. 13
Ottino della Chiesa, Angela, L'opera completa di Dürer, Milan 1968
under no. 140
ill.
Kuhrmann, Dieter, Über das Verhältnis von Verzeichnung und ausgeführtem Werk bei Albrecht Dürer, PhD dissertation, Freien Universität, Berlin 1964
pp. 73-86
Seilern, Count Antoine, Paintings and drawings of Continental Schools other than Flemish and Italian at 56 Princes Gate, London SW7, London 1961; III
no. 253
pl. LXXIX
Winkler, Friedrich, Albrecht Dürer: Leben und Werk, Berlin 1957
p. 211
Stange, Alfred, 'Zwei neu entdeckte Kaiserbilder Albrecht Dürers' in 'Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte', 1957 - pp. 1-24; 20
pp. 12-14, 18
Fig. 5 on p. 9
Panofsky, Erwin, The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer, 4th ed., Princeton 1955
pp. 132-33
Fig. 176
Musper, H. Th., Albrecht Dürer, Stuttgart 1953
pp. 258, 348
Fig. 132 on p. 191
Tietze, Hans, Dürer: Als Zeichner und Aquarellist, Vienna 1951
pp. 23, 44, 60
Fig. 40
Panofsky, E., Albrecht Dürer, London, 2nd ed. 1945
vol. I, pp. 132-33, 163, vol. II, no. 1008
Fig. 176
Panofsky, Erwin, The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer, Princeton 1943
vol. I, pp. 132-33, vol. II, no. 1008 on p. 104
Fig. 176
Winkler, Friedrich, Die Zeichnungen Albrecht Dürers, 4 vols., Berlin 1936-1939
vol. II (1937), no. 503 on pp. 151-52
Fig. 503
Lutze, Eberhard and Eberhard Wiegand, Kataloge des Germanischen Nationalmuseums zu Nürnberg. Die Gemälde des 13. bis 16. Jahrhunderts, Leipzig 1937
p. 53 under no. 168
Waetzoldt, Wilhelm, Dürer und seine Zeit, Vienna 1935
p. 261
ill.
Flechsig, Eduard, Albrecht Dürer. Sein Leben und seine kunstlerische Entwicklung, Berlin 1931
vol. II (1931), no. 766 on p. 580
Wilde, Johannes, 'Ein Zeitgenössisches Bildnis des Kaisers Sigismund.' in 'Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien', 1930; NF, IV
p. 216n7
Gebarowicz, M. and Hans Tietze, Albrecht Dürers Zeichnungen im Lubomirski-Museum im Lemberg, Vienna 1929
no. 15 on pp. 19-20
Fig. XVII
Lippmann, Friedrich, Zeichnungen von Albrecht Dürer in Nachbildungen, 7 vols., Berlin 1883-1929
vol. VII (1929), no. 785
Winkler, Friedrich, 'The Collection of Dürer Drawings at Lemberg (Galicia)' in 'Old Master Drawings', June 1927-March 1928; II
p. 17
Albrecht Dürer Ausstellung, Germanischen Museum, Nuremburg, April - September 1928, 1928
p. 66
Tietze, Hans and Erica Tietze-Conrat, Kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke Albrecht Dürers, 2 vols., Augsburg, Basel and Leipzig 1928-38
vol. II, part I (1937), no. 435 on p. 60
Winkler, Friedrich, Dürer : des Meisters Gemälde, Kupferstiche und Holzschnitte in 537 Abbildungen. Klassiker der Kunst., Stuttgart, Berlin and Leipzig 1928
p. 415 under nos. 56 and 57
Reitlinger, H.S., 'An unknown collection of Dürer drawings' in 'The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs', March 1927 - pp. 152-55, 158-59; 50, 288
no. 8298 on p. 159
Winkler, Friedrich, 'Der Lemberger Dürerfund' in 'Kunstwanderer', 1927
p. 354
ill.
Heller, J., Das Leben und die Werke Albrecht Dürer's, 1827
no. 96 (?)
described as 'Ein römischer Kaiser und König abgeriffen' - relatively vague, could be describing another work ...Less
Inscriptions
Watermark: centre: crossed arrows (h 50 mm, w 29 mm, btwn chain lines 30 mm - according to Strauss 1974 it matches Briquet 6281. He cites 18 drawings by Dürer with this mark. Briquet cites use of this paper in Venice from 1501-04 and in Florence from 1510-1513. Dürer used this paper primarily during his trip to Italy in 1506).
Inscription: Recto: within the drawing, upper right as labels on shields left blank for coats of arms, pen and brown ink, artist's hand, with darker ink additions by a later hand: "hongern" (initial in darker brown ink); “Beheim” (initial capitalised in darker brown ink); “daltz” (crossed out and changed to “dalmatien” below, in darker brown ink); “crobatz” (crossed out and changed to “croatien” below in darker brown ink). Verso: upper centre, graphite, modern: “n” crossed through; lower right corner, graphite, modern: “3”.
Collector's mark: none.
Inscription: Recto: within the drawing, upper right as labels on shields left blank for coats of arms, pen and brown ink, artist's hand, with darker ink additions by a later hand: "hongern" (initial in darker brown ink); “Beheim” (initial capitalised in darker brown ink); “daltz” (crossed out and changed to “dalmatien” below, in darker brown ink); “crobatz” (crossed out and changed to “croatien” below in darker brown ink). Verso: upper centre, graphite, modern: “n” crossed through; lower right corner, graphite, modern: “3”.
Collector's mark: none.
Information on this object may be incomplete and will be updated as research progresses. We are particularly committed to addressing any discriminatory or offensive language and ideas that might be present in our records. To help improve this record, and to enquire about images of The Courtauld Gallery Collection, please email gallery.collectionsonline@courtauld.ac.uk. Find out more about using and licensing our images.
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